Blood and Water

Lesson #321

We encountered a certain amount of speculation in the previous lesson about which day Jesus was crucified on, which side was pierced, and the meaning of the blood and water. Our conclusion is to be careful to determine what is important and true, embrace that and leave the rest as simply observations that were recorded. John continues with what he witnessed: “He who saw it has borne witness—his testimony is true, and he knows that he is telling the truth—that you also may believe” (John 19:35 ESV).

John must have been fairly close to the cross if he was able to identify both blood and water coming from the side of Jesus. John wants his readers to be sure they understand that the wound inflicted by the spear was serious enough to ensure death because our salvation is dependent on it. Jesus must die as payment for our sin.

In the next two verses, John draws our attention to two Scriptures that were fulfilled: “For these things took place that the Scripture might be fulfilled: “Not one of his bones will be broken.” And again another Scripture says, “They will look on him whom they have pierced.”” (John 19:36 – 37 ESV). At the time of the first Passover, when blood from the lamb was placed on the doorpost and the lintel, instruction was given not to break any of the bones of the lamb: “It shall be eaten in one house; you shall not take any of the flesh outside the house, and you shall not break any of its bones” (Exodus 12:46 ESV). This was stated again in Numbers: “They shall leave none of it until the morning, nor break any of its bones; according to all the statute for the Passover they shall keep it” (Numbers 9:12 ESV). These verses apply to Jesus because he is considered the Passover lamb who is being offered for our sin. A more direct reference to Jesus is: “He (Jesus) keeps all his bones; not one of them is broken” (Psalm 34:20 ESV).

A scripture that relates to: “They will look on him whom they have pierced.” is: “And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and pleas for mercy, so that, when they look on me, on him whom they have pierced, they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over him, as one weeps over a firstborn” (Zechariah 12:10 ESV). The day will come when the Jewish people will realize that the one they pierced is indeed their Messiah and they will embrace him in belief.

With this lesson we come to the end of the witness of John concerning the death of Jesus. With our next lesson we will look at what John has to say about the burial of Jesus.

Prayer

Father, there should be no question in anyone’s mind that Jesus is dead as he hangs there on the cross with blood and water running out of his side. If Jesus were to stay dead, then there would be no hope for any of us.  We would all remain under God’s wrath. Father, thank you that we will see in a few lessons that Jesus overcame death and rose to victory and provides us with a living hope. 

The Day of Crucifixion

Lesson #320

In the previous lesson we ended with Jesus receiving the sour wine and said, “It is finished,” and then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. “Since it was the day of Preparation, and so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away” (John 19:31 ESV). According to John 19:14, the day of Preparation of the Passover began about the sixth hour the day before the Sabbath. Some translations say about the ninth hour or at three PM. Since there is confusion on this time I didn’t comment on this when we covered John 19:14, but I will comment now.

There is no question that Jesus was crucified on the day of Preparation, the day before the Sabbath, but there is some evidence that this was not an ordinary Sabbath, but as John says, a high day. Indications are that one such day of preparation began on Thursday. If that is true then Jesus would have been crucified on Thursday, not on Friday. In that case Matthew 12:40 makes more sense: “For just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.” I say this only to show that not all agree that Jesus was crucified on Friday. For more reading on this you might go to this link and this link as a starting point.

Because of instructions given in Deuteronomy 21:22 – 23, the Jews wanted Pilate to have their legs broken so they would suffocate and die and could be taken down from the cross and buried before the Sabbath, or high day, started.

Pilate agreed to the request and “. . . the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who had been crucified with him” (John 19:32 ESV). At this time the two that were crucified with Jesus were still alive and as a result their legs were broken to hasten their death. “But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs” (John 19:33 ESV). It appears that the soldiers may have intentionally left Jesus until last to allow him a longer time to suffer, but when they came to him and found that he was already dead they refrained from breaking his legs as it would not incur any further suffering. If they had broken his legs, then Psalm 34:20 (ESV) would not have been fulfilled: “He keeps all his bones; not one of them is broken.”

The next four verses go together, but we will start here. “But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water” (John 19:34 ESV). Someone might ask which side was pierced as there are paintings showing either side. There are discussions about this, but since we are not told we do not know and leave it as not being important. Piercing the side of Jesus released both blood and water. This has led to other discussions about the meaning of blood and water. Some say the blood is an emblem of the Eucharist and the water as emblem of baptism. Others say they represent the old and new covenants. Protestants see them as emblems of justification, which is through the blood of the Lamb, and sanctification, which is through the washing of regeneration. The only point John is making is that blood and water came from the side of Jesus and that the soldiers verify that he is dead.

Prayer

Father, I find it interesting to consider the possibility that Jesus was crucified on Thursday and not on Friday as tradition supports. I like to approach such ideas with an open mind but embrace that which is important and true. The day of death is not critical to our salvation, but the fact that he died for our sin and rose from the dead is. From my research, I can easily embrace Thursday, but I am going to wait and ask Jesus when I am with him in heaven. 

It Is Finished

Lesson #319

Now that Jesus has entrusted the care of Mary into the hands of John he now considers his own need. “After this, Jesus, knowing that all was now finished, said (to fulfill the Scripture), “I thirst.”” (John 19:28 ESV). Jesus came into the world to live a sinless life and without guilt be nailed to a cross and take upon him our sin and die in our place. In just a short time, Jesus will surrender to death, completing the work he was sent to accomplish. Jesus knows the exact time he will do this and so now he speaks at though his work was finished. Now that the end was so close, Jesus says, “I thirst.” Psalm 22:15 speaks of this thirst: “My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and My tongue clings to My jaws; You have brought Me to the dust of death.” In response to this request, “They gave me poison for food, and for my thirst they gave me sour wine to drink” (Psalm 69:21 ESV). Surely he was thirsty, but I think he also had a great thirst and desire for the salvation of his people.

A soldiers responded to his thirst. John 19:29 (ESV) informs us that “A jar full of sour wine stood there, so they put a sponge full of the sour wine on a hyssop branch and held it to his mouth.” The sour wine that was offered to Jesus was probably there for the soldiers use and is different from that which was offered to him on the way to the cross. That drink was wine mixed with myrrh to reduce his pain, which Jesus refused to take. At the cross the sponge full of the sour wine was lifted up to Jesus using a hyssop branch, which was mentioned in 1 Kings 4:33 as a simple shrub that could grow out from a crack in a wall. In Exodus 12:22 we find a bunch of hyssop was dipped in blood and then used to place the blood on the lintel and the two doorpost of a home at the original Passover.

“When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, “It is finished,” and he bowed his head and gave up his spirit” (John 19:30 ESV). Since this wine was not mixed with Myrrh, Jesus accepted it and then made his final statement, declaring that he had finished the work that his Father had sent him to do. The wage of sin is death and Jesus took upon him our sin and he died in our place. Justice has been served and we can now be forgiven and receive eternal life and be clothed in his righteousness, allowing us to come into God’s presence.

Jesus was in complete control of his death. He received the sour wine, made his statement, bowed his head in surrender to death, and gave up his spirit. Many thought this was the end of him, just as the world thought it was the end of the two witnesses in Revelation 11, but in three and a half days the breath of life from God entered them and they stood up on their feet. Jesus would be placed in a tomb and after three days he would be raised from the dead and have a most profound effect on humanity.

Prayer

Father, it is very clear that the death of Jesus was not just a normal death. The obvious control that he had on when he would die, the darkness that covered the city, the earthquake, and the tearing of the curtain, bear witness that Jesus was indeed the Son of God. Father, you had a plan for our salvation and now the death portion of that plan is complete; Jesus died for our sin. We will soon see the life portion be completed when Jesus rises in victory over death to provide us with the availability of eternal life. What a journey it has been to see this plan unfold, but there is more to come.

Behold Your Son!

Lesson #318

We ended the previous lesson with the comments that we would say more about the three woman named Mary. These three woman were of great encouragement to Jesus as he hung dying on the cross above them. They were faithful to the very end. This dedication to Jesus reminds me of my time of service in China. There were several women that helped me, making ministry so much more effective. They helped me understand the culture, the language and how to be a more effective teacher in an unfamiliar culture. In many ways they made my life so much easier. I long for the day when I can again spend some time with them is heaven. I know that Jesus had a tender spot for these woman who sat with him at the cross.

Attention is now directed to Jesus as he looks at his mother: “When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son!” Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother!” And from that hour the disciple took her to his own home” (John 19:26 – 27 ESV). In the midst of his suffering, Jesus takes time to care for his mother. Besides the three woman being there, we learn that the disciple whom he loved was also there; that would identify the disciple as being John. Jesus said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son!” In my western culture this would show disrespect, but in that culture it would be like saying “Sir!” or “Madam!”, titles of respect. There is a consensus that Joseph is no longer living and now that Jesus will not be there to care for her, he entrusts her into the care of John, referring to him as her son. For reasons we are not told, Jesus decided it is best to entrust the care of Mary with John than his own half brothers and sisters.

Jesus had a unique relationship with Mary in that he was virgin born. Jesus had a unique relationship with John in that he was the only disciple that Scripture pointed out as being loved by Jesus. I find it interesting that Jesus brings these two together and that of the disciples, John was the only one to die a natural death.

As Jesus talked to Mary and John, I was reminded of the effect this would have on the pain Jesus felt. I have experienced several situations where I experienced severe physical pain and I learned that when I turned my focus away from the cause of the pain and focus either on prayer or conversation with someone, the pain level was much lower. People who have gone through torture have said the same thing. This is something one should understand who is about to experience physical pain from someone. 

Prayer

Father, I see such control on the part of Jesus; such love and care for his mother. I know he has that same love and care for us, but how much of it do we enjoy. Those who suffer intensely under persecution today, speak of this love and care. They speak of this in ways we don’t understand here in in the west. Father, thank you that you have given us to Jesus for safe keeping, to enjoy his love and care forever. 

Divided the Garments

Lesson #317

What Pilate wrote for an inscription is going to stand and so we move on to the next scene, which involves the soldiers. “When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier; also his tunic. But the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom” (John 19:23 ESV). At first glance you might say the event about the seamless tunic came after Jesus was dead, but we learn differently from Matthew 27:35 – 36 ESV: “And when they had crucified him, they divided his garments among them by casting lots. Then they sat down and kept watch over him there. And over his head they put the charge against him, which read, “This is Jesus, the King of the Jews.” From these verses it appears they had finished nailing Jesus to the cross and had placed the sign over him and then they sat down to watch him die. It was during that watch that they decided what to do with his garments.

The soldiers had done their work of securing Jesus to the cross and now waited for him to die and as they did they decided to divide his garments into four parts, presumably one part for each of four soldiers. Among his garments there was a nice tunic that required much work to make because it was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom. There was an opening for the head and the sleeves were woven into it as one seamless piece. It was an expensive garment, probably the kind worn by a high priest. As a result, the soldiers did not want to destroy it so they agreed to cast lots for it.

“They said therefore among themselves, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be,” that the Scripture might be fulfilled which says: “They divided My garments among them, and for My clothing they cast lots.” Therefore, the soldiers did these things” (John 19:24 NKJV). The Scripture that is being referred to is Psalm 22:18. This is what the soldiers did to pass some time.

The focus now shifts from the soldiers to others: “Now there stood by the cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene” (John 19:25 NKJV). When Joseph and Mary brought Jesus to the temple as a small child, Simeon took him into his arms and spoke about him causing his parents to marvel. Then Simeon said to Mary, “Behold, this child is appointed for the fall and rising of many in Israel, and for a sign that is opposed (and a sword will pierce through your own soul also), so that thoughts from many hearts may be revealed” (Luke 2:34 ESV). As Mary stood there before the cross, she surely would recall what Simeon had said as now in agony a sword pierces her own soul as she watches her son die. Being his mother, surely those around her verbally abused her because of the claims Jesus made, but now hangs on the cross. How desperately she needed a savior, but she would have to wait a few more days until he overcomes death and returns as the promised savior.

It is unlikely that his mother’s sister was her natural sister because one would not give the same name to two of their children. It is more likely that the sister was the sister of her husband Joseph. The last Mary of the three, Mary Magdalene, is mentioned by all four gospel writers as a witness of the crucifixion and the empty tomb. In Matthew and John, we learn that she also encounters the resurrected Jesus. I find it interesting that only in Luke is there an earlier reference to Mary Magdalene. In Luke 8:1 – 2 (ESV) we read: “Soon afterward [Jesus] went on through cities and villages, proclaiming and bringing the good news of the kingdom of God. And the twelve were with him, and also some women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities: Mary, called Magdalene, from whom seven demons had gone out.” Having traveled with Jesus and now seen here at the cross, shows her devotion to Jesus.

More will be said about these three woman named Mary in the next lesson.

Prayer

Father, how close the soldiers were to Jesus as they cast lots for his garments, but yet how far away they were. Here before them was truly the King of the Jews, soon to be our savior, but all they could see was another man dying. There were others as spectators making fun of him for the fraud they thought he was. Missing were the disciples of Jesus, except John who will be identified later. Even Peter, who had boasted of standing with Jesus to the end was not there, but showing their devotion to Jesus were the three woman named Mary. Father, we will soon see Mary Magdalene displaying such great devotion and love when she goes to visit the tomb. 

What I Have Written I Have Written

Lesson #316

We ended the previous lesson with Pilate writing an inscription on a sign and attaching it to the cross declaring that Jesus was the King of the Jews. “Many of the Jews read this inscription, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Aramaic, in Latin, and in Greek” (John 19:20 ESV). The place where Jesus was crucified was called Golgotha, or the Place of the Skull, and was located a short distance outside of the city. I decided to Google the location of Golgotha and found the following: “The notion that Golgotha, “The Place of the Skull” (Matthew 27:33), was named because of the appearance of the hill is a modern idea. From early Christian times, virtually all commentators held that Golgotha was so named simply because it was a place of execution, where the skulls and bones of criminals lay scattered.” (Link to quote.) It was a place where many would come and go to see what was happening. Pilate had the inscription written in three languages so all could read it to show that he claimed to be King over all. These three languages were the principal languages at the time and probably understood by Pilate so he chose to use them.

As you might expect, the chief priests of the Jews didn’t like this and said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, I am King of the Jews.’” (John 19:21 ESV). Why did this upset the Jews? The inscription “King of the Jews” was being painted in blood on the conscience of everyone who read it and communicated two important facts: that Jesus of Nazareth was in truth the King of the Jews and that the Romans had crucified him. In the minds of many people, this cast a very poor light on the priests who sought to get Pilate to change the inscription.

The priests began to understand the impact the inscription was having on the conscience of people. They also realized that their window of influence on Pilate had closed and no longer would he go along with their desires. Things were rapidly changing as history was hardening around the events of the day that Jesus, who had taught and performed so many miracles and had lived a life of such humility and meekness, had been crucified.

Pilate stood unwavering against the request and “. . . answered, “What I have written I have written.”” (John 19:22 ESV). Most assumed that what was done, was done and it was over, but before the day ended, the sun would hide behind dark storm clouds, the veil of the temple would be torn from tip to bottom, an earthquake would occur in the city, and a great apprehension would fall upon the people of the city of the great King (Matthew 5:35).

In our next lesson we will look at what the soldiers did after they had crucified Jesus.

Prayer

Father, as I write each lesson, I remain amazed at how sinful men continue to allow the powers of darkness to use them as pawns in his war against God and how by allowing them to continue in their sin, they are actually carrying out your plan of salvation. Even as Jesus, who lived such an exemplary life, dies on the cross, the inscription written by Pilate, a pagan, proclaimed to everyone the truth that Jesus is the King of the Jews. Little does anyone know that in this horrendous display of cruelty, you are at work preparing the next event, which will shake the very foundations of the powers of darkness. How amazing that out of something so evil can come something so beyond our comprehension. 

Jesus Placed Between Two Criminals

Lesson #315

We ended the last lesson with Pilate delivering Jesus over to the soldiers to be crucified. “So they took Jesus, and he went out, bearing his own cross, to the place called The Place of a Skull, which in Aramaic is called Golgotha” (John 19:17 ESV). The soldiers took Jesus from Pilate, but John doesn’t give much detail about what happened. John simply tells us that they placed the cross on Jesus and he went to the place called The Place of a Skull. We are not told that along the way Jesus collapses and Simon of Cyrene was taken from those who lined the way to the cross and forced him to carry the cross (Matthew 27:32). John says, “he went out”. This going out was in keeping with the Jewish requirement that executions take place outside the camp or city (Leviticus 24:14, Numbers 15:35-36, Hebrews 13:12). So, the place of the skull was near the city, but outside the walls. The exact location is becoming clearer as information is being discovered.

Wherever the location was, “There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on either side, and Jesus between them” (John 19:18 ESV). Jesus was not crucified alone, but with two other convicted criminals. Jesus was numbered and reckoned among transgressors, but he was not a transgressor of the law of God as charged by men and treated as such. He was nailed to the cross, but he was without sin and as a result he was qualified and willing to take our place by taking on himself our sin and dying because of its curse. His death provided justice for us, allowing God to have mercy on us and by grace provide the gift of salvation.

Having been nailed to the cross Pilate added an inscription: “Pilate also wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It read, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.”” (John 19:19 ESV). It may have been customary to affix a sign on the cross describing the offence, however, the sign placed on the cross of Jesus did not imply any offence or disgrace. The title Pilate chose, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews”, does not imply guilt, but seemed to be an attempt to avenge himself indirectly on the Jews because they had just extorted an unjust sentence of death from him for an innocent man. The title Pilate wrote was not based on his belief, but on the charge the Jews brought against him; it was God who guided Pilate to write what he did to announce who Jesus really was. To emphasize the importance of that title, the Spirit caused the title to be written in three languages as we will see in the next lesson. 

Prayer

Father, how meaningful the journey has been to this point, to see your hand guide events and people, to see the tension between the sinless Son of God and sinful men, and to see your plan for our salvation stay on course. Before humans were created, you had a perfect plan for our salvation. Likewise, before we were ever born you had a plan for each of our lives, which you will carry our just as you did the plan for our salvation. All of the people you chose, each with a plan as to how they would develop to form a perfect body of Christ. We are many members, but we make up one body indwelt with the Spirit. Father, we really need to take time and try to wrap our mind around this.